Total knee replacement (TKR), also known as total knee arthroplasty (TKA), is the surgical procedure that involves the replacement of the entire knee joint with an artificial one made of metal and plastic. It is mostly used to treat chronic and debilitating pain and disability resulting from diseases like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or injury.

In the process, the cartilage and bone that is diseased at the ends of the femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone) are removed. The artificial joint components are then implanted in their place. These components usually include a metal alloy for the femoral and tibial components and a high density plastic for the component in between.

TKR surgery has been on the rise and has produced improved results due to improved surgical procedures, improved surgical materials, and improved rehabilitation regimens. It is usually advised for patients who have not benefited from other non-operative measures like drugs, exercises, or injections.

Postoperative rehabilitation after TKR includes physical therapy to strengthen the muscles, improve flexibility, and restore function of the knee joint. Many patients report a reduction in pain and increased mobility after the surgery, enabling them to perform tasks that were previously difficult for them.

However, like any other surgery, there are certain complications that may arise from TKR such as infection, blood clot, nerve damage, and stiffness. These risks should be explained to the patient and the patient should understand the possible outcomes of surgery.